Table of Contents
1. Getting Started
1.1 Introduction
1. 2 Using Thermodynamics
1. 3 Defining Systems
1. 4 Describing Systems and Their Behavior
1. 5 Measuring Mass, Length, Time, and Force
1.6 Specific Volume
1.7 Pressure
1.8 Temperature
1.9 Engineering Design and Analysis
1.10 Methodology for Solving Thermodynamics Problems
2. Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Reviewing Mechanical Concepts of Energy
2.3 Broadening Our Understanding of Work
2.4 Broadening Our Understanding of Energy
2.5 Energy Transfer by Heat
2.6 Energy Accounting: Energy Balance for Closed Systems
2.7 Energy Analysis of Cycles
2.8 Energy Storage
3. Evaluating Properties
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Getting Started
3.3 p-v-T Relation
3.4 Studying Phase Change
3.5 Retrieving Thermodynamic Properties
3.6 Evaluating Pressure, Specific Volume, and Temperature
3.7 Evaluating Specific Internal Energy and Enthalpy
3.8 Evaluating Properties Using Computer Software
3.9 Applying the Energy Balance Using Property Tables and Software
3.10 Introducing Specific Heats cᵥ and cᵨ
3.11 Evaluating Properties of Liquids and Solids
3.12 Generalized Compressibility Chart
3.13 Introducing the Ideal Gas Model
3.14 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gases
3.15 Applying the Energy Balance Using Ideal Gas Tables, Constant Specific Heats, and Software
3.16 Polytropic Process Relations
4. Control Volume Analysis Using Energy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conservation of Mass for a Control Volume
4.3 Forms of the Mass Rate Balance
4.4 Applications of the Mass Rate Balance
4.5 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume
4.6 Analyzing Control Volumes at Steady State
4.7 Nozzles and Diffusers
4.8 Turbines
4.9 Compressors and Pumps
4.10 Heat Exchangers
4.11 Throttling Devices
4.12 System Integration
4.13 Transient Analysis
5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Introducing the Second Law
5.3 Statements of the Second Law
5.4 Irreversible and Reversible Processes
5.5 Interpreting the Kelvin-Planck Statement
5.6 Applying the Second Law to Thermodynamic Cycles
5.7 Second Law Aspects of Power Cycles Interacting with Two Reservoirs
5.8 Second Law Aspects of Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles Interacting with Two Reservoirs
5.9 The Kelvin and International Temperature Scales
5.10 Maximum Performance Measures for Cycles Operating between Two Reservoirs
5.11 Carnot Cycle
5.12 Clausius Inequality
6. Using Entropy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Entropy-A System Property
6.3 Retrieving Entropy Data
6.4 Introducing the T dS Equations
6.5 Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance
6.6 Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas
6.7 Entropy Change in Internally Reversible Processes of Closed Systems
6.8 Entropy Balance for Closed Systems
6.9 Directionality of Processes
6.10 Entropy Rate Balance for Control Volumes
6.11 Rate Balances for Control Volumes at Steady State
6.12 Isentropic Processes
6.13 Isentropic Efficiencies of Turbines, Nozzles, Compressors, and Pumps
6.14 Heat Transfer and Work in Internally Reversible, Steady-State Flow Processes
7. Exergy Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Introducing Exergy
7.3 Conceptualizing Exergy
7.4 Exergy of a System
7.5 Closed System Exergy Balance
7.6 Exergy Rate Balance for Control Volumes at Steady State
7.7 Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiency
7.8 Thermoeconomics
8. Vapor Power Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Introducing Chapter 8
8.3 Introducing Vapor Power Plants
8.4 The Rankine Cycle
8.5 Improving Performance – Superheat, Reheat, and Supercritical
8.6 Improving Performance – Regenerative Vapor Power Cycle
8.7 Other Vapor Power Cycle Aspects
8.8 Case Study: Exergy Accounting of a Vapor Power Plant
9. Gas Power Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Introducing Engine Terminology
9.3 Air-Standard Otto Cycle
9.4 Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
9.5 Air-Standard Dual Cycle
9.6 Modeling Gas Turbine Power Plants
9.7 Air-Standard Brayton Cycle
9.8 Regenerative Gas Turbines
9.9 Regenerative Gas Turbines with Reheat and Intercooling
9.10 Gas Turbine – Based Combined Cycles
9.11 Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle Power Plants
9.12 Gas Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion
9.13 Compressible Flow Preliminaries
9.14 Analyzing One-Dimensional Steady Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers
9.15 Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers of Ideal Gases with Constant Specific Heats
10. Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Vapor Refrigeration Systems
10.3 Analyzing Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems
10.4 Selecting Refrigerants
10.5 Other Vapor-Compression Applications
10.6 Absorption Refrigeration
10.7 Heat Pump Systems
10.8 Gas Refrigeration Systems
11. Thermodynamic Relations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Using Equations of State
11.3 Important Mathematical Relations
11.4 Developing Property Relations
11.5 Evaluating Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy
11.6 Other Thermodynamic Relations
11.7 Constructing Tables of Thermodynamic Properties
11.8 Generalized Charts for Enthalpy and Entropy
11.9 p-v-T Relations for Gas Mixtures
11.10 Analyzing Multicomponent Systems
12. Ideal Gas Mixture and Psychrometric Applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Describing Mixture Composition
12.3 Relating p, V, and T for Ideal Gas Mixtures
12.4 Evaluating U, H, S, and Specific Heats
12.5 Analyzing Systems Involving Mixtures
12.6 Introducing Psychrometric Principles
12.7 Psychrometers: Measuring the Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures
12.8 Psychrometric Charts
12.9 Analyzing Air-Conditioning Processes
12.10 Cooling Towers
13. Reacting Mixtures and Combustion
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Introducing Combustion
13.3 Conservation of Energy – Reacting Systems
13.4 Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature
13.5 Fuel Cells
13.6 Absolute Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
13.7 Conceptualizing Chemical Exergy
13.8 Standard Chemical Exergy
13.9 Applying Total Exergy
14. Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Introducing Equilibrium Criteria
14.3 Equation of Reaction Equilibrium
14.4 Calculating Equilibrium Compositions
14.5 Further Examples of the Use of the Equilibrium Constant
14.6 Equilibrium between Two Phases of a Pure Substance
14.7 Equilibrium of Multicomponent, Multiphase Systems
15. Appendix
Appendix: Tables, figures, and charts
zyVersions are leading print titles converted and adapted to zyBooks’ interactive learning platform, allowing for a quick and easy transition to an engaging digital experience for instructors and students.
What You’ll Find In This zyVersion
The Same Text with More Action
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics sets the standard for teaching students how to be effective problem solvers. Real-world applications emphasize the relevance of thermodynamics principles to some of the most critical problems and issues of today, including topics related to energy and the environment, biomedical/bioengineering, and emerging technologies. In this zyVersion you’ll find:
- The original, trusted textbook content on the zyBooks platform
- Participation activities that allow you to see a student’s activity, and allow you to grant course points for activity completion
- The ability to customize content and add your own
- Animations, like the one you see below, that will help students develop a deeper understanding by visualizing key processes and phenomena
The zyVersions Approach
zyVersions utilize the “Say, Show, Ask” approach.
Say: We use the trusted content of the textbook to explain concepts and teach students subject matter.
Show: Through animations and learning questions students can see concepts come to life.
Ask: Our built-in learning questions and homework with instant feedback encourage interactivity.
Authors
Michael J. Moran, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Howard N. Shapiro
Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University
Daisie D. Boettner
Brigadier General, U.S. Army Retired, Professor Emerita, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY
Margaret B. Bailey, Ph.D.
Senior Faculty Associate to the Provost for ADVANCE, PI and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology